Ma refractories otenthetsera matenthedwe amatanthawuza ma refractories okhala ndi porosity yayikulu, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwamafuta, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti ma refractories opepuka. Kuphatikizira zinthu zotchingira kutentha zotchingira kutentha, ma refractory fibers, ndi zinthu za refractory fiber. Malinga ndi kutentha ntchito: otsika kutentha kutchinjiriza zipangizo refractory, kutentha ntchito ndi otsika kuposa 900 ℃, monga diatomite kutchinjiriza njerwa, kukodzedwa silika mankhwala, matabwa silika kashiamu, kukodzedwa perlite mankhwala, etc.; sing'anga kutentha kutchinjiriza refractories, ntchito kutentha 900 ~ 1200 ℃, monga dongo matenthedwe kutchinjiriza refractory njerwa, zitsulo zotayidwa silicate refractory CHIKWANGWANI, etc.; Kutentha kwambiri kwamafuta opangira matenthedwe opangira zida, kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikokulirapo kuposa 1200 ℃, monga njerwa zapamwamba za aluminiyamu zosungunulira, njerwa zosungunulira za aluminiyamu, njerwa zosungunulira za siliceous, njerwa za alumina dzenje la mpira, njerwa za mpira wa zirconia, zitsulo zotayirira za aluminiyamu. CHIKWANGWANI, polycrystalline refractory CHIKWANGWANI (polycrystalline aluminiyamu CHIKWANGWANI, polycrystalline zirconia CHIKWANGWANI, polycrystalline mullite CHIKWANGWANI), etc.
Kupanga zinthu zoteteza kutentha zoteteza kutentha kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimatha kupanga porous, monga njira yopepuka yamafuta, njira yowotcha, njira ya thovu, ndi njira yamankhwala. Amorphous refractory fibers, monga aluminium silicate refractory fibers, high alumina refractory fibers, etc., nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi kusungunuka. Polycrystalline refractory ulusi, monga mullite ulusi, aluminiyamu ulusi, etc., amapangidwa ndi njira colloid.
Waukulu makhalidwe a insulatory refractories ndi mkulu porosity, zambiri pamwamba 45%; otsika kachulukidwe chochuluka, kawirikawiri osapitirira 1.5g/cm3; kutsika kwa matenthedwe, makamaka kuchepera 1.0W/(m·K). Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati kutentha kwa ng'anjo za mafakitale, sizingachepetse kutentha kwa ng'anjo, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa ng'anjo, kupeza mphamvu yabwino yopulumutsa mphamvu, ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zipangizo zotentha. Poyerekeza ndi njerwa zamtundu wamba, zotchingira zotchingira kutentha zili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa slag, mphamvu zamakina, komanso kukana kuvala. Choncho, sikoyenera kunyamula katundu wa ng'anjo ndi ziwalo zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi slag, malipiro, zitsulo zosungunuka, ndi zina zotero.
Classification njira ya insulation refractory mankhwala
Kutentha kwamafuta opangira mafuta kumatanthawuza zinthu zotsutsana ndi porosity zosachepera 45%. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a zinthu zomwe zimateteza kutentha kwa refractory ndi porosity yayikulu komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Thermal conductivity ndi yotsika, mphamvu ya kutentha ndi yaying'ono, ndipo ntchito yotetezera kutentha ndi yabwino. Imateteza kutentha komanso imalimbana ndi kutentha. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza wotenthetsera pazida zosiyanasiyana zamafuta, ndipo zina zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati wosanjikiza. Ndizinthu zopulumutsa mphamvu popanga ma kilns osiyanasiyana. Kuyika zinthu zotchingira zotchingira kutentha m'malo mwa zinthu zowundana ngati zida zomangira ng'anjo kumatha kuchepetsa kusungirako kutentha ndi kutayika kwa kutentha ndi 40% mpaka 50%, makamaka pazida zomwe sizimatenthedwa.
Pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu zotchinjiriza ndi zotchingira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu kutengera kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, komanso mawonekedwe azinthu.
(1) Zodziwika ndi kuchulukana kwa thupi. Amene ali ndi kachulukidwe kochuluka kwa 0.4 ~ 1.3g/cm3 ndi njerwa zopepuka; omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kochepera 0.4g/cm3 ndi njerwa zopepuka kwambiri.
(2) Zodziwika ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwa 600 ~ 900 ℃ pazinthu zotsika kutentha; 900 ~ 120 ℃ kwa sing'anga kutentha kutchinjiriza zakuthupi; pamwamba pa 1200 ℃ pazinthu zotentha kwambiri.
(3) Zodziwika ndi mawonekedwe azinthu: imodzi ndi njerwa zopepuka zowumbidwa, kuphatikiza dongo, aluminiyamu wapamwamba, silicon, ndi njerwa zina zoyera za oxide; ina ndi njerwa zosaumbika zopepuka, monga konkire yopepuka.
Njira yopangira zinthu zopangira kutentha zoteteza kutentha ndi yosiyana ndi yazinthu zambiri zowuma. Pali njira zambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza njira yowotchera, njira ya thovu, njira yamankhwala, ndi njira yopangira porous.
1) Kuwotcha ndi kuwonjezera njira zakuthupi. Amatchedwanso njira yowonjezerera zoyaka moto. Onjezani zoyaka zomwe sizivuta kuyaka, monga makala, utuchi, ndi zina zotere, mumatope opangira njerwa kuti mankhwalawa akhale ndi ma pores ena akawotcha.
2) Njira yonyowa. Onjezani zinthu zotulutsa thovu, monga sopo wa rosin, ndi zina zotere kudongo poumba njerwa, ndi kulipanga thovu pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Pambuyo pa kuwombera, chinthu cha porous chimapezeka.
3) Njira ya mankhwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amatha kupanga gasi moyenera, chinthu cha porous chimapezeka popanga njerwa, nthawi zambiri dolomite kapena periclase kuphatikizapo gypsum, ndi sulfuric acid monga thovu.
4) Porous zinthu njira. Gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yachilengedwe ya diatomaceous kapena clinker yadongo yopanga thovu, alumina kapena zirconia hollow spheres, ndi zida zina zopangira njerwa kuti mupange njerwa zopepuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotchingira zotchingira zokhala ndi matenthedwe otsika komanso kutentha pang'ono monga zida zamapangidwe a ng'anjo zimatha kupulumutsa mafuta; kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga zida; imathanso kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi la ng'anjo, kufewetsa mawonekedwe a ng'anjo, kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la mankhwala, ndi kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kulipo. Sinthani mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito. Zopangira zodzitetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosanjikiza zotenthetsera kutentha, zomangira kapena zosanjikiza za ng'anjo
1. Njerwa za aluminiyamu zotsekereza njerwa
Alumina kutentha-kuteteza refractory njerwa ntchito anasakaniza corundum, sintered aluminiyamu, ndi aluminiyamu mafakitale monga zipangizo zazikulu zopangira kutentha-kuteteza refractory mankhwala ndi asidi amphamvu ndi alkali mpweya kukana ndi kuchepetsa kukana, ndi zabwino matenthedwe kukana mantha. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 1700 ℃. Kapangidwe kake kamatengera mitundu iwiri ya njira ya thovu ndi njira yowotchera. Zogulitsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira ya thovu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kutsika kwamafuta, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino amafuta.
Njerwa za alumina zotchingira kutentha zimapepuka, zokhala ndi mphamvu zopondereza kwambiri, kutsika kwamafuta, kuchepa kwa voliyumu yotsika pambuyo poyakanso, komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri kapena ng'anjo zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malawi. Ndipo akalowa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane matenthedwe zida, koma si abwino kwa dzimbiri malo amene mwachindunji kulankhula ndi ng'anjo madzi ndi slag wosungunuka. Imakhalanso ndi kukhazikika kwapamwamba ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga wochepetsera. Kutentha kwa ntchito kumadalira chiyero cha mankhwala, nthawi zambiri mpaka 1650 ~ 1800 ° C. Onani Table 3-105 kuti muone momwe zinthu zilili komanso zakuthupi zazinthu zoterezi.
2. Njerwa za aluminiyamu zoteteza kutentha kwa refractory
Nsapato za aluminiyamu zotchinga kutentha kwambiri ndizomwe zimateteza kutentha kwazinthu zomwe zimakhala zosachepera 48% zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zazikuluzikulu. High-alumina matenthedwe kutchinjiriza njerwa refractory makamaka opangidwa ndi bauxite monga zopangira, kuphatikiza dongo monga zopangira, wothira zomangira ndi utuchi. Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, alumina yamafakitale, corundum, sillimanite, kyanite, ndi silika amawonjezeredwa. Ufa wabwino ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala zinthu zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa ntchito ndi 1250 ~ 1350 ℃, ndipo ena amatha kufika 1550 ℃.
Njerwa za aluminiyamu zowonjezera zimapangidwa makamaka ndi njira ya thovu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kuli pakati pa 0.4 ~ 1.0g/cm3, ndipo imatha kupangidwanso ndi njira yopangira zowonjezera. Zolozera zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za njerwa zokanizira kutentha kwa aluminiyamu zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3-106.
Njerwa za aluminiyamu zoteteza kutentha zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zigawo zotchingira kutentha ndi zigawo zomwe sizimawononga komanso kupukuta ndi zida zosungunuka zotentha kwambiri. Mukakumana ndi lawi lamoto, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa aluminiyamu yotchinga kutentha kwa njerwa sikuyenera kupitirira 1350 ℃. Njerwa za Mullite zoteteza kutentha zimatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi lawi lamoto, ndipo zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yokana kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu, komanso mphamvu yopulumutsa mphamvu. Ndioyenera kuyika ng'anjo za pyrolysis, ng'anjo za mpweya wotentha, ng'anjo za ceramic roller, ng'anjo zamagetsi zadothi zadothi, ndi ng'anjo zosiyanasiyana zokanira. Njerwa ya corundum-mullite yotchinga kutentha yomwe imakhala ndi Al2O3 ya 82.4% ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ng'anjo yamoto pa 1550 ° C.
3. Njerwa zadongo zotsekereza zokanira
Dongo-based heat-insulating refractory njerwa ndi kutentha-kuteteza zinthu refractory mankhwala ndi 30% -48% Al2O3 zili zopangidwa ndi dongo refractory monga zopangira zazikulu, ntchito dongo refractory, mikanda yoyandama, ndi refractory dongo clinker monga zopangira, kuwonjezera zomangira ndi utuchi. Ndi kusakaniza, kusakaniza, kupanga, kuyanika, ndi kuwombera, mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri za 0.3 ~ 1.5g / cm3 angapezeke, ndipo voliyumu yopangira imakhala yoposa theka la njerwa zotetezera kutentha.
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga njerwa zadongo zotsekereza kutentha ndi njira yowonjezeramo yoyaka ndi mikanda yoyandama, komanso njira ya thovu ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Onani Table 3-107 kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a njerwa zadongo zoteteza kutentha.
Dongo-based heat-insulating refractory njerwa zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zotenthetsera komanso m'mafakitale. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zomwe sizinawonongeke komanso kutsukidwa ndi zida zolimba zotentha kwambiri. Zina zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi lawi lamoto zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza Kuphimba kwa Refractory kungachepetse kukokoloka kwa slag ndi fumbi la gasi lamoto ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Kutentha kwa ntchito ya mankhwala sikudutsa kutentha kwa mayeso a mzere wobwerera. Njerwa yotchinjiriza dongo ndi yamtundu wazinthu zotchinjiriza zopepuka zokhala ndi pores angapo. Nkhaniyi ili ndi porosity ya 30% mpaka 50%, ndipo kutsekemera kwake kwamafuta kumakhala kosauka, koma mphamvu zake zamakina ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri ndizabwino.
4. Silicone insulation refractory njerwa
Njerwa ya siliceous-insulating heat-insulatory refractory njerwa imapangidwa ndi silika monga chopangira chachikulu, komanso chotchinga chotchinga kutentha chokhala ndi SiO2 zosakwana 91%. Kuphatikiza pa kutenthetsa kwamafuta, njerwa za silicon refractory zimasunga mawonekedwe a njerwa za silicon kwambiri. Kutentha koyambira kwa katundu kufewetsa kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo voliyumu imakula pang'ono panthawi yotentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ng'anjo ikhale yolimba.
Kuchita kwa GGR-1.20 kalasi ya siliceous kutentha-kuteteza njerwa refractory ng'anjo mafakitale zotchulidwa China Metallurgical Viwanda Standard YB386-1994, kachulukidwe chochuluka si oposa 1.2g/cm3, compressive mphamvu pa firiji si zochepa. kuposa 5MPa, ndi kutentha koyambira kwa kufewetsa pansi pa katundu pansi pa 0.1MPa sikuchepera 1520 ℃, zomwe zili ndi SiO2 ndi zosachepera 91%.
Chogulitsachi ndi choyenera pazitsulo zamafakitale kapena zigawo zotchinjiriza kutentha zomwe sizimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi zida zosungunuka zotentha kwambiri komanso sizimawonekera mwachindunji ku mpweya wowononga. Kutentha kwa ntchito ya zomangamanga sikudutsa 1550 ° C.
Njerwa za silika zoteteza kutentha kwa silika zimakhala zovulaza thupi la munthu chifukwa cha fumbi la silika, ndipo njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa dongo ndi njerwa zoteteza kutentha kwa aluminiyamu, ndipo zimapanga gawo laling'ono la zomwe zimatuluka. kutentha-kuteteza zipangizo refractory.
5. Njerwa zotsekereza za diatomite
Njerwa ya Diatomite yotenthetsera matenthedwe ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi diatomite ngati chida chachikulu. Njerwa ya Diatomite yotentha yotentha imakhala ndi ma pores abwino otsekedwa, porosity yabwino, ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza, koma mphamvu yotsika yamakina, makamaka ikakhala yonyowa, mphamvu imachepa kwambiri. Mankhwala ake akuluakulu ndi SiO2, otsatiridwa ndi Al2O3, komanso chitsulo ndi potaziyamu. , Sodium, calcium, magnesium oxides ndi zonyansa zina.
Zolozera zenizeni za njerwa zotsekereza za diatomite zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 3-108. Zida za njerwa za diatomite zimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kosauka, ndipo refractoriness ndi pafupifupi 1280 ℃, kotero kutentha kwa ntchito sikokwera. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zotsekera pansi pa 900 ° C.
6. Zowonjezera perlite mankhwala
Zopangira zowonjezera za perlite ndizomwe zimateteza kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi perlite monga chigawo chachikulu. Insulation mankhwala opangidwa ndi perlite kukodzedwa monga akaphatikiza ndi yoyenera simenti, galasi madzi, mankwala, etc., pambuyo oyambitsa, kusakaniza, kupanga, kuyanika, Kuwotcha kapena kuchiritsa. Kachulukidwe wa perlite wokulitsidwa ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri amangokhala 40 ~ 120g/cm3; refractoriness si mkulu, zambiri 1280 ~ 1360 ° C. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zomangira zosiyana ndizosiyana, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa 1000 ° C.
Zogulitsa zowonjezera perlite zimagawidwa m'magulu a 200, 250, 300 ndi 350kg/m34 malinga ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zili mumtundu wadziko. Kutengera mtundu wa simenti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, imagawidwa m'magawo owonjezera a perlite omangidwa ndi simenti, zopangidwa ndi magalasi amadzi owonjezera a perlite, zopangidwa ndi phosphate zowonjezera perlite, ndi zinthu zokulitsidwa ndi phula.
7. Zowonjezera vermiculite mankhwala
Zopangira zowonjezera za vermiculite ndizomwe zimateteza kutentha kwa vermiculite monga zopangira zazikulu. Kupanga kwazinthu zowonjezera za vermiculite kumatengera kukula kwake kwa vermiculite yokulitsidwa monga kuphatikiza, kuwonjezera zophatikizira ndi zomangira, kusakanikirana ndi madzi mugawo linalake, ndikupanga, kuyanika, kukuwotcha kapena kuchiritsa kupanga zinthu zotchinjiriza zotentha. Zogulitsa zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, zophatikizika, ndi zomangira zimakhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana, ndipo zigawo zotchingira kutentha pansi pa 1000 ° C nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu zowonjezera za vermiculite, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa binder womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mtundu wamagulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi zomwe zimamangiriza, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu omangirira a organic, zinthu zomangira zokhala ndi ma organic ndi organic ndi zinthu zophatikizika. Malinga ndi mtundu wa aggregate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu amodzi, magulu angapo ndi zinthu zophatikizira.
Vermiculite yowonjezera imakhala ndi kutsika kwamafuta otsika, mphamvu zochepa, ndipo sikungathe kutetezedwa ndi madzi, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala koletsedwa kwambiri. Pamene zida zopangira simenti zolimba kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza vermiculite yowonjezera kukhala chinthu chomalizidwa, imakhala ndi mphamvu kuposa vermiculite yowonjezera ndipo imatha kupirira katundu wambiri; Mukamagwiritsa ntchito simenti yopanda madzi kuti mulumikizane ndi vermiculite yowonjezera palimodzi, Chotsatiracho chimakhala ndi ntchito yopanda madzi ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe pali madzi. Kutentha kwamafuta a binder nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa kukulitsa kwa vermiculite, kotero kuwonjezera kwa binder kumapangitsa kuti mwala wowonjezera wa oyisitara ukhale ndi ntchito zatsopano, koma kumachepetsanso kutenthetsa kwamafuta a vermiculite.
8. Calcium silikoni bolodi
Calcium silicate board imapangidwa ndi nthaka ya diatomaceous ndi laimu monga zida zazikulu zopangira, ndipo zopangira zotchingira kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa powonjezera ulusi wowonjezera zimatchedwanso calcium silicate board ndi microporous calcium silicate board. Kashiamu silicate bolodi lagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga zikuchokera: mmodzi wamba kashiamu silicate bolodi, mankhwala zikuchokera CaO/SiO2 ndi za 0,8, mchere zikuchokera tobermorite (tobermorite, 5CaO · 6SiO2 · 5H2O); ina ndi Calcium hard silicate, mankhwala a CaO / SiO2 ali pafupi 1.0, ndipo mchere wa mchere ndi calcium hard silicate.
Calcium silicate ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kulekanitsa mwamphamvu, kutsika kwamafuta, kupanga kosavuta, komanso kutayika kochepa. Kuchulukana kwa bolodi la silicate la kashiamu kumatchulidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ngati si wamkulu kuposa 220kg/m3, ndipo ena amagawidwa m'mitundu 33 osaposa 220kg/m3, osaposa 170kg/m3, komanso osaposa 130kg/m; China amatchulidwa osati wamkulu kuposa 240kg / cm3, zosaposa 220kg/cm3, zosaposa 170kg/cm 33 mitundu. Mphamvu yopondereza ili pamwamba pa 0.4MPa, mphamvu yosinthasintha ili pamwamba pa 0.2MPa; Thermal conductivity (70℃±5℃) ndi 0.049～0.064W/(m·K) kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndi torbe mullite ndi 650℃, Calcium silicate mtundu ndi 1000℃.
Gulu la silicate la calcium limatha kuchekedwa kapena kukhomeredwa, ndipo limatha kupangidwa kukhala matabwa, midadada kapena ma casings. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotchinjiriza zotenthetsera mapaipi otentha ndi ng'anjo zamafakitale mu mphamvu yamagetsi, makampani opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, zombo, etc.; moto ndi kutentha kutchinjiriza nyumba, zida ndi zipangizo, Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa kutentha kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza mkulu-kutentha kuyanika ng'anjo ndi ngalande ng'anjo galimoto nsanja; mbali zonse za bolodi kashiamu silicate akhoza pasted ndi pulasitiki veneer, plywood, asibesitosi simenti bolodi, etc. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kutentha kutchinjiriza zakuthupi. Zambiri mwazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito bolodi la calcium silicate, ndipo mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito bolodi la calcium silicate pakutchinjiriza kwamafuta m'makampani omwe amakhala 70% mpaka 80%.
9. Njerwa Zoyandama (Cenosphere Brick)
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi cenospheres monga zida zazikulu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1970, dziko langa linayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida za phulusa la ntchentche kupanga njerwa zadongo zoteteza kutentha. Chifukwa cha njira yosavuta komanso chuma chochuluka, khalidwe la mankhwala ndi labwino. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980, njira ya porous clinker kapena kuwonjezera kutentha kwa fly ash cenospheres yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa za Cenosphere.
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndi magalasi opanda aluminium silicate oyandama kuchokera ku phulusa la ntchentche kuchokera ku zomera zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ili ndi kulemera kopepuka, khoma lopyapyala, lopanda kanthu, losalala pamwamba, lotsika matenthedwe matenthedwe, ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza, kukana kwambiri, komanso kulimba mtima kwakukulu. Ndi machitidwe ena. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a cenospheres, zida zoteteza kutentha zoteteza kutentha zimatha kupangidwa. Kupanga njerwa za cenosphere kumatha kupangidwa ndi njira yowuma, yomwe ili ndi njira yosavuta ndipo sichifuna kumaliza.
Njerwa za Cenosphere ndizopambana kuposa zida zomwe zilipo pakatikati pa block thermal insulation potengera mphamvu zamakina, kukana kutentha kwambiri, matenthedwe amafuta, komanso magwiridwe antchito, ndipo amafanana ndi ulusi wa silicate. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana otenthetsera kutentha kwa 1200 ° C kuti akwaniritse cholinga chowongolera kutentha komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Njerwa za Cenosphere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ndi zida zotentha kwambiri muzitsulo, makina, mankhwala, mafuta, zomangira, mafakitale opepuka, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magawo ena. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kusunga mphamvu ndi 15% mpaka 40%. Ndi mtundu watsopano wabwino wa magawo opepuka. Zida zotentha.
10. Njerwa zozungulira
Njerwa ya Alumina yozungulira
Njerwa ya Alumina hollow sphere ndi chinthu chotchinga kutentha chomwe chimakhala ndi alumina hollow sphere monga chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Zizindikiro zaumisiri wa njerwa za alumina dzenje ndi: Zomwe zili mu Al2O3 sizochepera 98%, zomwe zili ndi SiO2 sizoposa 0.5%, zomwe zili ndi Fe2O3 sizoposa 0.2%, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ndi 1.3 ~ 1.4g/cm3, porosity yowonekera ndi 60% ~ 80%, The compressive mphamvu si zosakwana 9.8MPa, kutentha kutentha kwa katundu (0.2MPa) si osachepera 1700 ℃, ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi 0.7 ~ 0.8W / (m · K).
Poyerekeza ndi kutchinjiriza wamba matenthedwe ndi zinthu refractory, alumina hollow sphere njerwa amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa pores otsekedwa mu mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika a pore, kachulukidwe otsika komanso kutsika kwamafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutentha kwambiri pansi pa 1800 ℃ ng'anjo zamoto za mafakitale, monga njerwa zotentha kwambiri pamoto wamagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi mafakitale a ceramic; zigawo zotenthetsera kutentha kwa zida zotentha kwambiri, monga ng'anjo za gasification mumakampani a petrochemical, ng'anjo zamagesi, zida zamafakitale a malasha, njerwa zosungunulira zopangira ng'anjo zolowera m'mafakitale azitsulo.
B Zirconia dzenje sphere njerwa
Njerwa ya Zirconia hollow sphere ndi chinthu choteteza kutentha chopangidwa ndi zirconia hollow spheres monga chinthu chachikulu chopangira. Gawo lalikulu la kristalo la njerwa iyi ndi kiyubiki zirconia (pafupifupi 70% mpaka 80% ya kapangidwe ka mchere), ndipo magwiridwe ake ndi awa: Refractoriness ndi wamkulu kuposa 2400 ℃, porosity yowoneka ndi 55% ~ 60%, kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. ndi 2.5 ~ 3.0g/cm3, mphamvu yopondereza si yochepera 4.9MPa, ndipo matenthedwe amatenthedwe ndi 0.23 ~ 0.35W/(m·K).
Zirconia hollow spheres ndi zinthu zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimachita bwino kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kotetezedwa ndi 2200 ℃. Zirconia hollow sphere njerwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika a pore, kotero amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa kutentha kwa 2200 ℃. Zirconia dzenje mpira njerwa ndi otsika kachulukidwe ndi otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe, amene osati kuchepetsa kutaya kutentha, komanso kuchepetsa kusunga kutentha. Choncho, monga mkulu-kutentha akalowa zinthu kuti mwachindunji kulankhula lawi mu zipangizo matenthedwe monga zitsulo, mafuta, makampani mankhwala, zamagetsi, etc., akhoza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ng'anjo mkulu kutentha, ndi ntchito. zotsatira zake ndi zabwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-26-2021