Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezichasayo, ziyancibilika ngokulula kwaye zithotywe ngumzimba, iikhemikhali, oomatshini kunye nezinye iziphumo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-1000 ~ 1800 ° C), okanye zichithwa ngokukhukuliseka, okanye ziqhekeze kwaye zonakaliswe, eziphazamisa ukusebenza. Izinto ezingcolisekileyo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba izinto eziphikisayo kufuneka zibe neepropati ezinokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ezi zilandelayo zizibonakaliso ezi-4 ezimisela ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu bezinto eziphikisayo:
(1) Ukuchasa
I-Refractoriness ibhekisela kwiqondo lokushisa apho into ifikelela kwiqondo elithile lokuthambisa phantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu, kwaye ibonakalisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezichasene nesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu. I-refractoriness sisiseko sokugweba ukuba into ethile ingasetyenziswa njengento ephikisayo. I-International Organisation for Standardization imisela ukuba imathiriyeli ye-inorganic non-metallic ene-refractoriness engaphezu kwe-1500 ℃ zizinto eziphikisayo. Ihluke kwiqondo lokunyibilika kwezinto kwaye lubonakaliso olubanzi lomxube we-multiphase solids eyenziwe ngamaminerali ahlukeneyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo emisela ukuchaswa kukubunjwa kwamaminerali kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto. Amacandelo ahlukeneyo okungcola, ngakumbi lawo aneempembelelo ezinamandla zokunyibilikisa, aya kunciphisa kakhulu ukuchaswa kwezinto. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka aqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa nokuphucula ukucoceka kwezinto eziluhlaza.
I-Refractoriness ayilobungakanani bomzimba obupheleleyo obuthe ngqo kwinto ethile, kodwa sisalathiso sobugcisa esizalanayo xa imathiriyeli ifikelela kwiqondo elithile lokuthamba elilinganiswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zovavanyo. Izinto zokuvavanya zenziwe kwi-cone ye-triangular cone (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cone yokuvavanya) ngokwendlela emiselweyo, kunye ne-cone ye-truncated ye-triangular cone (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cone eqhelekileyo) kunye neqondo lokushisa eliqingqiweyo lokugoba kwinqanaba elithile lokufudumeza. Ukufudumeza, kunye ne-refractoriness inqunywe ngokuthelekisa iqondo lokugoba i-cone yokuvavanya kunye neqondo lokugoba i-cone eqhelekileyo. Umzantsi ongezantsi wekhowuni engunxantathu osikiwe yi-8mm ubude kwicala ngalinye, umzantsi ongaphezulu yi-2mm kwicala ngalinye, kwaye umphakamo yi-30mm. Ngexesha lokulinganisa, isigaba solwelo sinokuvela kwiphiramidi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Njengoko izinga lokushisa linyuka, inani lesigaba se-liquid landa, i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid iyancipha, kwaye i-cone iyancipha. Xa ukuthambisa kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, i-cone igoba ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Xa ikhowuni yovavanyo kunye nekhowuni esemgangathweni zigotywe ngaxeshanye de i-apex yazo idibane ne-chassis, ubushushu obumiselweyo bokugoba bekhowuni esemgangathweni buya kulawula njengokuchaswa kwekhowuni yovavanyo.
Eyaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuthomalalisa i-refractory phantsi komthwalo okanye i-deformation ye-deformation ye-refractory phantsi komthwalo, ibonisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-refractory kwisenzo esidibeneyo sobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomthwalo phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo okanye uluhlu lobushushu apho i-refractory ibonisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki ebonakalayo. Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lenkonzo ye-refractory linokuthi lifakwe kwiqondo lokushisa elithambileyo phantsi komthwalo. Ukushisa okuthambileyo phantsi komthwalo kubonisa amandla okwakhiwa kwe-refractory phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusetyenziswa, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengesiseko sokumisela ubushushu benkonzo enkulu ye-refractory.
Into ephambili emisela ukushisa okuthambileyo phantsi komthwalo kukubunjwa kwamaminerali amachiza, okukwahambelana ngqo nenkqubo yokuvelisa izinto. Ukushisa kwe-sintering yezinto eziphathekayo kunempembelelo enkulu kwi-softening deformation lokushisa phantsi komthwalo. Ukuba ubushushu be-sintering bonyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, iqondo lobushushu lokuqala liya kwandiswa ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-porosity, ukukhula kweekristale, kunye nokuhlangana okuhle. Ukuphucula ukucoceka kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-melt ephantsi okanye i-solvent iya kwandisa ukushisa okuthambileyo kwe-deformation phantsi komthwalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-sodium oxide kwizitena zodongwe kunye ne-alumina kwizitena ze-silica ziyi-oxides eziyingozi.
(3) Ukuzinza komthamo ophezulu wobushushu bezinto eziphikisayo
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu ixesha elide, i-refractory material ivelisa ukwanda komthamo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-residual expansion. Ubungakanani bokwandiswa okushiyekileyo (i-deformation) yezinto eziphikisayo zibonisa umgangatho wokuzinza komthamo ophezulu wokushisa. Incinci i-deformation eseleyo, ngcono ukuzinza kwevolumu; ngokuchaseneyo, ngakumbi ukuzinza kwevolumu, kulula ukwenza i-deformation okanye umonakalo we-masonry.
Ukutshintshwa komgca wokutshisa ngokutsha kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukugweba ukuqina komthamo ophezulu weqondo lokushisa kwezinto, nto leyo isalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo.
Uninzi lwezinto ezichasayo ziya kuncipha phantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu. Ngexesha lokucoca, izinto ezininzi ezichasayo ziya kuncipha, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba isigaba solwelo esiveliswa yizinto eziphathekayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu siya kuzalisa iipores, ukwenzela ukuba iinqununu ziqiniswe ngakumbi kwaye zitsalwe Ngoku kutshanje, ukubuyisela kwakhona kwenzeka, okukhokelela ekugxininiseni ngakumbi kwezinto. Kukho kwakhona izinto ezimbalwa ezandisayo ngexesha lokucoca. Ngokomzekelo, izitena ze-silica zanda ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-polycrystalline ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-quartz engaguqukiyo yesitena se-silica iya kuqhubeka iguqulwa ibe yi-tridymite okanye isikwere kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. I-quartz, eyandisa umthamo, imalunga ne-10% engaguqukiyo kwizitena ze-silica. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-shrinkage yokudubula kwakhona kunye nokwandiswa kwezinto, kuyasebenza ukunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokudubula kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokubamba, kodwa akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, kungenjalo kuya kubangela i-vitrification yesakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunciphisa. ukuzinza kwe-thermal shock. Ngenxa yokwandiswa kweengqungquthela ze-quartz kwizinto eziphathekayo ngexesha lokudubula kunye nokusetyenziswa, okunciphisa ukuchithwa kodongwe, ukuguqulwa komthamo wezitena ze-semi-silica zincinci, kwaye ezinye zazo zandiswa kancane.
(4) Ukuzinza kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal
Ikhono le-refractories ukuxhathisa utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa kuthiwa yi-thermal shock stability. Le ndawo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-thermal shock resistance okanye i-thermal shock resistance.
Into ephambili echaphazela isalathisi sokuzinza kwe-thermal shock yimpahla ebonakalayo yezinto eziphathekayo, njengokwandiswa kwe-thermal, i-thermal conductivity kunye nokunye. Ngokubanzi, okukhona uphezulu umyinge wokwandiswa komgca wesixhobo, kokukhona uzinzo lokothuka kwe-thermal; Ukuphakama kwe-thermal conductivity yezinto eziphathekayo, ngcono ukuzinza kwe-thermal shock. Ukongezelela, i-microstructure, ukubunjwa kweengqungquthela kunye nokuma kwezinto ezichasayo zonke zinefuthe kwi-thermal shock stability.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2022