IiCenospheres ezininzi, iiAplikheshini ezininzi

Nangona usenokungayazi, ihlabathi lanamhlanje linezizathu ezininzi zokuba nombulelo ngeecenospheres.

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ngobukho babo, nokuba bambalwa abantu abaziyo apho basuka khona. Nangona ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwi-Wikipedia, umthombo wayo yonke imithombo, kuya kwazisa abangazi ukuba, "I-cenosphere yingqukuva ekhaphukhaphu, engasebenziyo, enomgongxo eyenziwe ubukhulu becala ngesilika kunye ne-alumina kwaye izaliswe ngumoya okanye igesi engasebenziyo, eveliswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengemveliso ye-silica kunye ne-alumina. ukutsha kwamalahle kwizityalo zamandla obushushu. Umbala wecenospheres uyahluka ukusuka kungwevu ukuya phantse kumhlophe kwaye ubuninzi bazo bumalunga ne-0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), nto leyo ezenza zibe buoyancy kakhulu.”

Noko ke, oko akuncedi kangako ekuchazeni ubuhle bokwenene bezi bhola zincinane, kodwa zinamandla, zothuthu lwempukane. Kuba amandla abo okwenyani alele kukwahluka kokusetyenziswa kwabo. Njengoko ijenali yoshishino yaseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, ithi, “Ngenxa yoxinano oluphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci, imilo engqukuva, amandla omatshini, ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika, inertia yeekhemikhali, iipropathi ezikhuselayo kunye ne-porosity ephantsi, i-microspheres [ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-cenospheres] uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kushishino. Ngokukodwa, [zilungele] ukuqinisa izixhobo okanye ukunika iimpawu zokumelana nokubola, okanye ukugquma kwe-thermal kunye nesandi kwiingubo okanye iipeyinti. Zinokuchazwa njengezihluzi ezisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye zidibanisa kakuhle kwii-resins kunye nezibophelelo ezifana ne-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosetting.

I-Cenospheres kwi-Paints kunye ne-Coatings

Kukho usetyenziso oluninzi lweecenospheres kwishishini lepeyinti kunye neshishini lokutyabeka, ngenxa yeempawu ezongezelelweyo ababonelela ngazo. Umzekelo, iicenospheres zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugquma ukulawula imitha ye-infrared, enika ezo zogquma inzuzo ngaphezu kwezo zizama nje ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal.

Okwangoku, iingcali zokugqoka kwi-Petra Buildcare Products, zichaza indlela i-cenospheres, "... ukuphucula umgangatho wepeyinti ngokuphucula umthamo kunye nobuninzi bemveliso. Emva kokusetyenziswa eludongeni, amaso e-ceramic athande ukucutheka ngokwenza ifilimu epakishwe ngokuqinileyo eludongeni.

I-Cenospheres kwi-Syntactic Foams

Ii-Cenospheres zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza 'amagwebu e-syntactic'. Ezi ziqinileyo ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzisa i-cenospheres njengesizalisi ukubonelela nayiphi na inani leenzuzo, ukusuka kwixabiso eliphantsi, ukuya kumandla ongezelelweyo, ubungqina besandi, i-buoyancy kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-thermal.

Iingcali kwii-Engineered Syntactic Systems zichaza igwebu le-syntactic ngolu hlobo lulandelayo;

“Inxalenye 'yesintaksi' ibhekiselele kulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo olubonelelwa ziingqukuva. Igama elithi 'ugwebu' linxulumene nobume beselula bemathiriyeli. Ngombulelo kwiipropathi zayo ezizodwa zamandla aphezulu kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, igwebu le-syntactic sele lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ze-subsea buoyancy. Izinto ze-Syntactic zixhathisa impembelelo edibeneyo yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kunye nokuvezwa kwexesha elide ezenza zibe zilungele iiprojekthi ze-oceaneering ezifana nentambo kunye ne-hardball floats kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo. Bakwabonelela ngamandla kunye nemfezeko yolwakhiwo kubunzima obuphantsi kakhulu kwivolumu nganye kuninzi lwezixhobo zemveli ezibenza babe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwizicelo ezininzi zobunjineli bokhuselo kunye nobunjineli boluntu.

IiCenospheres kwiPetroleum Drilling

Ngobungqina bokubaluleka okungaziwayo kwee-cenospheres, akufuneki ujonge ngakumbi ukuba indima ebalulekileyo abayidlalayo kushishino lwepetroleum. Kuba ngelixa wonke umntu esazi ngokubaluleka kwe-oyile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, yinto encinci eyaziwayo ukuba i-cenospheres, njengoko ijenali yoshishino yaseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, ichaza, "... ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwentlama yesamente yepetroleum ngaphandle kokunyusa umthamo wamanzi.

IiCenospheres kwiPlastiki kunye neePolymers

I-Cenospheres nayo isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweeplastiki kunye neepolymers, njengoko imilo okanye amandla abo aphinde abunjwe kwakhona kunceda ukuphepha ukushwabana kwe-thermoplastics kunye ne-thermosetting plastics.

Zikwasetyenziswa kwiintlanganisela zanamhlanje kushishino lweemoto. Umzekelo, iChevrolet Corvette ka-2016 iqulethe “ikhompawundi yokubumba amaphepha apho iimicrospheres zeglasi zithatha indawo ye-calcium carbonate filler kwaye zichebe iikhilogram ezingama-20 [9kg] kubunzima bemoto yezemidlalo iStingray Coupe.” Usekela Mongameli womvelisi, i-Continental Structural Plastics Inc., uProbir Guha, uchaza isizathu sokufakwa kwee-cenospheres kwi-composite, ngokuthi, "ifomula ye-SMC eqhelekileyo yolu hlobo lwesicelo sesithuthi ibandakanya i-20% ngomthamo weglasi. ukuqinisa i-fiber, i-35% ye-resin kunye ne-45% yokuzalisa, ngokuqhelekileyo i-calcium carbonate," yongeza ukuba, "Le SMC entsha [ikhompawundi yokubumba iphepha] ineendleko zokukhuphisana ne-aluminium."

IiCenospheres kwiConcrete

Kangangeminyaka, iicenospheres beziluncedo kwiconcrete, zinika amandla ongezelelweyo, okanye ukugqunywa kwesandi, ngeli lixa kuthoba ukuxinana. UJeff Girard, uMongameli kwi-Concrete Countertop Institute, uchaza ezi zibonelelo, esithi, “Ngokwethiyori, ii-cenospheres zinokuthatha indawo yesanti enobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi. I-Cenospheres inoxinano olungaphantsi kwamanzi (umlinganiselo we-0.7 vs. Wamanzi 1.0); amasuntswana esanti yequartz aqhele ukuba noxinzelelo olumalunga ne-2.65. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-1 iponti ye-cenospheres ithatha umthamo opheleleyo ofanayo malunga ne-3.8 lbs. yesanti.”

I-Industrie & Technologies, ikwachaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-cenospheres njengendlela yokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo, ichaza ukuba, "[Ii-Cenospheres isetyenziswa] kwizinto zokwakha ukukhanyisa ikhonkrithi, ngelixa igcina amandla oxinzelelo lwe-30 MPa kubuninzi be-1.6 T / m3 , ukuphucula ukuqina kwazo kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwesandi. Ngokomzekelo, i-St. Petersburg Scientific and Technical Centre ye-Applied Nanotechnologies (STCAN) ibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho ezineekhonkrithi ezinjalo eRashiya, [kwindlela ethuleyo]. Ii-Cenospheres zikwasetyenziselwa ukuphucula i-thermal kunye ne-sound insulation iimpawu ze-plasters, iidaka kunye ne-plasters, ezisetyenziselwa iindonga, imigangatho kunye neesilingi. Ukongezwa kwe-40% ye-volume cenospheres kunciphisa i-coefficient yokuhambisa ingxolo. "

I-Cenospheres kwi-Pharmaceuticals

I-Cenospheres isetyenziswe kwishishini lamachiza iminyaka emininzi, njengoko iibhola ezincinci zinokusebenza njengesixhobo sothutho esisondeleyo xa zifakwe ngamachiza. Ukongezelela, njengoko ulindixesha wemizi-mveliso waseFransi, i-Industrie & Technologies, ephawula, “Iindawo ezigutyungelwe ngesilver oxide, ngokomzekelo, zinokudityaniswa nelokhwe ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuphola kwenxeba.”

I-Cenospheres kwi-Advanced Industries

Uphando oluninzi luyenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe izinto ezintsha ezisetyenziswayo kule mveliso iphuma kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, ii-catalysts ezintsha zenkqubo ye-methane oxidation ziphuhliswa kusetyenziswa i-magnetic cenospheres.

IiCenospheres zikwasetyenziswa ekuphuhliseni i-metal matrix composites (MMC), iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli ezizama ukudibanisa ukufunxwa kwamandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye nokuxinana okuphantsi kweengqukuva ezineempawu zezinye izinto. Abanye, abanjengoPaul Biju-Duval weGeorgia Institute of Technology ezinze eAtlanta, baye bazibhokoxa ekuphuhliseni izinto zokwakha ezingenasamente. Umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka, esongeza kumxube we-cenosphere, izinto ezifana ne-bamboo kunye ne-metallic tubing njengendlela yokufumana enye indlela, engabizi kakhulu, eyomeleleyo, kunye neendlela zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Ngeli xesha, iZiko leKhemistri kunye neTekhnoloji yeMichiza yeRussian Academy yeSayensi eKrasnoyarsk, ifunda iindlela iicenospheres ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo kwiinguqu ze-catalytic. Ngelixa iinkqubo ze-BAE zizama ukusebenzisa i-cenospheres kwipeyinti njengendlela yokuxhasa ukungabonakali kwi-infrared spectrum, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ubugcisa bomkhosi ukuba bube 'neengubo ezingabonakaliyo'.

Ngoluhlu olubanzi kangaka losetyenziso, kunye noluhlu olubanzi ngakumbi losetyenziso olunokubakho, akumangalisi ukuba kutheni umdla kwi-cenospheres ukhula. Ngethuba nje abaphuhlisi bemveliso befuna izizalisi zobunzima bokukhanya, iinkqubo eziphuculweyo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi, iingubo eziphuculweyo, indawo yesamente, kunye nezongezelelo ezidibeneyo, ngoko kuya kubakho imfuneko yee-cenospheres. Kunye nokwanda kophando kusetyenziso olutsha kwezi nkalo ziguquguqukayo, lixesha kuphela eliya kuxela ukuba ikamva le-cenospheres lilele phi.