Emva kwehlobo lonyaka ka-2021 eliqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo neqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo, ummandla osemantla uqalise ubusika obubandayo, yaye kuye kwakhithika kakhulu, kwanakwiNtlango yeSahara, enye yezona ndawo zishushu emhlabeni. Kwelinye icala, ummandla osemazantsi weIkhweyitha uye wazisa ubushushu obugqithiseleyo, yaye amaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-50 ngokukaCelsius eNtshona Ostreliya, yaye iintaba zomkhenkce ezinkulu eAntarctica ziye zanyibilika. Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni emhlabeni? Kutheni izazinzulu zisithi ukutshabalala kobuninzi besithandathu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufike?
Njengentlango enkulu emhlabeni, imozulu yeNtlango yeSahara yome kakhulu kwaye ishushu. Isiqingatha salo mmandla sifumana ngaphantsi kwee-25mm zemvula ngonyaka, ezinye iindawo zingafumani mvula iminyaka emininzi. Umndilili wonyaka wobushushu kule ngingqi uphezulu ukuya kuma 30 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lasehlotyeni linokugqitha kuma-40 ℃ kangangeenyanga eziliqela ezilandelelanayo, kwaye obona bushushu burekhodiweyo bude buphakame kangange-58 ℃.
Kodwa kulo mmandla ushushu kakhulu nowomileyo, akufane kube nekhephu kobu busika. Idolophu encinane yaseAin Sefra, ekumntla weNtlango yeSahara, ibe nekhephu ngoJanuwari walo nyaka. Ikhephu lagubungela intlango yegolide. Le mibala mibini yayixutywe omnye komnye, kwaye imeko yayingaqhelekanga.
Xa ikhephu liwa, iqondo lobushushu edolophini lehla laya kutsho ku-2°C, amaqondo ambalwa apholileyo kunobushushu obuqhelekileyo kubusika bangaphambili. Idolophu yayikhephuke izihlandlo ezine kwiminyaka engama-42 ngaphambi koko, eyokuqala ngo-1979 kwaye emithathu yokugqibela kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo.
Iqhwa entlango linqabile kakhulu, nangona intlango ibanda kakhulu ebusika kwaye ubushushu bunokwehla ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-zero, kodwa intlango yome kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho manzi aneleyo emoyeni, kwaye kukho imvula encinci kwaye ikhephu. Ukuwa kwekhephu kwiNtlango yeSahara kukhumbuza abantu ngotshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi.
Isazi ngemozulu saseRashiya uRoman Vilfan uthe ikhephu liwa kwiNtlango yeSahara, amaza abandayo eMntla Melika, imozulu eshushu kakhulu eRashiya naseYurophu, kunye nemvula enkulu ebangele izikhukula eNtshona Yurophu. Ukwenzeka kwezi mozulu zingaqhelekanga kuya kuxhaphaka kwaye unobangela woku kukutshintsha kwemozulu okubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ngoku, impembelelo yokufudumala kwehlabathi inokubonwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ngoxa i-hemisphere esemantla yayisajongene namaza abandayo, i-hemisphere esemazantsi yayijongene nobushushu obungaphezu kwama-40°C kwiindawo ezininzi zoMzantsi Merika. Idolophu yase-Onslow eNtshona Ostreliya irekhode ubushushu obuphezulu be-50.7 ℃, iphula irekhodi lobushushu obuphezulu kwi-hemisphere esezantsi.
Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwi-hemisphere esezantsi inxulumene nesiphumo se-thermal dome. Ehlotyeni elitshisayo, elomileyo nelingenamoya, umoya oshushu onyukayo usuka emhlabeni awukwazi ukusasazeka, kodwa ucinezelwa emhlabeni luxinzelelo oluphezulu lweatmosfera yomhlaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umoya unyuke ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo kuMntla Melika ngo-2021 bukwabangelwa yi-thermal dome effect.
Kwincam esemazantsi omhlaba, imeko ayiniki themba. Ngo-2017, i-iceberg enkulu enenombolo A-68 yaphuka kwi-Larsen-C ice shelf e-Antarctica. Indawo yayo inokufikelela kwi-5,800 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, ekufutshane nommandla waseShanghai.
Emva kokuba i-iceberg igqabhukile, iye yakhukuliseka kuLwandlekazi oluMazantsi. Yakhukuliseka kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-4,000 ngonyaka onesiqingatha. Ngeli xesha, i-iceberg iqhubekile nokunyibilika, ikhupha malunga ne-152 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zamanzi ahlambulukileyo, alingana nomthamo wokugcina we-10,600 West Lakes.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukunyibilika kweepali ezisemantla nasezantsi, ezivaleleke kumanzi amaninzi acocekileyo, zikhula ngokukhawuleza, zibangela ukuba ulwandle luqhubeke ukunyuka. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ukufudumala kwamanzi olwandle kubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal, okwenza ulwandle lube lukhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqikelela ukuba amanqanaba olwandle ehlabathi ngoku akwi-16 ukuya kuma-21 eesentimitha ngaphezulu kunokuba ayenjalo kwiminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo, kwaye ngoku anyuka ngesantya se-3.6 millimeters ngonyaka. Njengoko umgangatho wolwandle uqhubeka nokunyuka, uya kuqhubeka nokutshabalalisa iziqithi kunye neendawo ezisezantsi zonxweme, ezisongela ukuphila kwabantu apho.
Imisebenzi yabantu ayingeneleli ngokuthe ngqo okanye ide itshabalalise iindawo ezihlala izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kwindalo, kodwa ikwakhupha isixa esikhulu sekharbon diokside, i-methane kunye nezinye iigesi ze-greenhouse, ezibangela ukunyuka kobushushu behlabathi, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwemozulu kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu. ukuba kwenzeke.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala eMhlabeni ngoku. Kodwa kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidluleyo, malunga nama-200,000 eentlobo zezilwanyana ziye zaphela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo okhoyo ngoku wokuphela kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ukhawuleza ngakumbi kunomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wembali yomhlaba, yaye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kobuninzi besithandathu kwabakho.
Kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka edluleyo emhlabeni, kuye kwenzeka inkitha yezinto eziphilayo, ezinkulu nezincinane, kuquka iziganeko ezintlanu eziqatha zokuphela, nto leyo ebangele ukuba inkoliso yezilwanyana iphele emhlabeni. Izizathu zeziganeko zangaphambili zokuphela kwezilwanyana zavela kwindalo, kwaye okwesithandathu kukholelwa ukuba ngunobangela woluntu. Uluntu kufuneka luthathe inyathelo ukuba asifuni kutshabalala njenge-99% yeentlobo zezidalwa zomhlaba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-12-2022