Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphikisayo, zincibilika kalula futhi zithambe ngenxa yemiphumela engokomzimba, yamakhemikhali, yemishini kanye neminye ekushiseni okuphezulu (ngokuvamile i-1000 ~ 1800 ° C), noma zigugulwe ukuguguleka, noma ukuqhekeka nokulimala, okuphazamisa ukusebenza. Izinto ezingcolile. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinto eziphikisayo kufanele zibe nezakhiwo ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. Okulandelayo yizinkomba ezi-4 ezinquma ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kwezinto eziphikisayo:
(1) Ukungavumelani
I-Refractoriness ibhekisela ekushiseni lapho into ethile ifinyelela izinga elithile lokuthambisa ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu, futhi kubonisa ukusebenza kwento ngokumelene nesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu. I-Refractoriness iyisisekelo sokwahlulela ukuthi into ethile ingasetshenziswa njengento ephikisayo. I-International Organization for Standardization ibeka ukuthi izinto ezingaphili ezingezona ezensimbi ezine-refractoriness ezingaphezu kuka-1500 ℃ ziyizinto eziphikisayo. Ihlukile endaweni yokuncibilika kwempahla futhi iwukuvezwa okuphelele kwengxube yezinto eziqinile ze-multiphase ezakhiwe ngamaminerali ahlukahlukene.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu esinquma ukuphikiswa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaminerali kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwempahla. Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokungcola, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinemiphumela eqinile ye-solvent, zizonciphisa kakhulu ukuphikiswa kwezinto. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezifanele kufanele zicatshangelwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bezinto ezingavuthiwe.
I-Refractoriness ayilona inani eliphelele eliphathekayo eliqondene nento ethile, kodwa inkomba yobuchwepheshe ehlobene lapho into ethile ifinyelela izinga elithile lokuthambisa elilinganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuhlola. Into yokuhlola yenziwe ibe ikhoni engunxantathu efinyeziwe (okubhekiselwa kuyo njengekhoni yokuhlola) ngokuya ngendlela enqunyiwe, kanye nekhoni engunxantathu efinyeziwe (okubhekiselwa kuyo njengekhoni evamile) enezinga lokushisa eligobile elingaguquki ngesilinganiso sokushisisa esithile. Ukushisa, kanye ne-refractoriness kunqunywa ngokuqhathanisa izinga lokugoba kwekhoni yokuhlola nezinga lokugoba lekhoni evamile. Iphansi eliphansi lekhoni elingunxantathu elisikiwe lingu-8mm ubude ohlangothini ngalunye, elingaphezulu elingaphezulu lingu-2mm ohlangothini ngalunye, kanti ukuphakama kungu-30mm. Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, isigaba se-liquid singase sivele ephiramidi ekushiseni okuphezulu. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, inani lesigaba se-liquid liyakhula, i-viscosity yesigaba se-liquid iyancipha, futhi i-cone iyancipha. Lapho ukuthambisa kufinyelela ezingeni elithile, i-cone igoba kancane kancane ngenxa yesisindo sayo. Uma ikhoni yokuhlola kanye nekhoni evamile kugotshwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuze kube yilapho i-apex yakhona ithintana ne-chassis, izinga lokushisa elinqunyiwe lekhoni evamile lizobusa njengokuphikiswa kwekhoni yokuhlola.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-softening point of refractory ngaphansi komthwalo noma izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwe-refractory ngaphansi komthwalo, libonisa ukumelana kwe-refractory esenzweni esihlangene sokushisa okuphezulu nomthwalo ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo noma izinga lokushisa lapho i-refractory ibonisa ukuguquguquka okusobala kwepulasitiki. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ye-refractory lingachazwa kusukela ekushiseni okuthambile ngaphansi komthwalo. Izinga lokushisa elithambile ngaphansi komthwalo limelela amandla esakhiwo se-refractory ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokusetshenziswa, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokunquma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ye-refractory.
Isici esiyinhloko esinquma izinga lokushisa elithambile ngaphansi komthwalo yi-chemical mineral composition of the material, nayo ehlobene ngokuqondile nenqubo yokukhiqiza impahla. Ukushisa kwe-sintering yezinto ezibonakalayo kunethonya elikhulu ekunciphiseni ukushisa kwe-deformation ngaphansi komthwalo. Uma izinga lokushisa le-sintering lenyuswa ngokufanelekile, izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokuguquguquka lizokhuphuka ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-porosity, ukukhula kwamakristalu, kanye nokuhlangana okuhle. Ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokunciphisa okuqukethwe kokuncibilika okuphansi noma i-solvent kuzokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokunciphisa ukuthambisa ngaphansi komthwalo. Isibonelo, i-sodium oxide ezitini zobumba kanye ne-alumina ezitini ze-silica zonke zingama-oxide ayingozi.
(3) Ukuqina kwevolumu yokushisa okuphezulu kwezinto eziphikisayo
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu isikhathi eside, izinto eziphikisayo zikhiqiza ukunwetshwa kwevolumu, okubizwa ngokuthi ukunwetshwa okusalayo. Ubukhulu bokunwetshwa kwensalela (ukuguqulwa) kwezinto eziphikisayo kubonisa ikhwalithi yokuqina kwevolumu yokushisa okuphezulu. I-deformation encane encane, ingcono ukuzinza kwevolumu; ngokuphambene nalokho, okubi kakhulu ukuzinza kwevolumu, kulula ukubangela ukuguqulwa noma ukulimala kwe-masonry.
Ukuguqulwa komugqa wokushisa kabusha kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwahlulela ukuzinza kwevolumu yokushisa okuphezulu kwento, okuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola ikhwalithi yezinto.
Izinto eziningi eziphikisayo zizoncipha ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokudubula, izinto eziningi eziphikisayo zizoncipha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi isigaba se-liquid esikhiqizwe yizinto ekushiseni okuphezulu sizogcwalisa ama-pores, ukuze izinhlayiya ziqiniswe futhi zidonswe Muva nje, kwenzeke kabusha, okuholela ekugxilweni okuqhubekayo kwezinto. Kukhona futhi izinto ezimbalwa ezinwebekayo ngesikhathi sokushisa. Isibonelo, isitini se-silica siyakhula ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-polycrystalline ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-quartz engaguquki yesitini se-silica izoqhubeka nokuguqulwa ibe i-tridymite noma isikwele ekushiseni okuphezulu. I-quartz, enwebeka ngevolumu, icishe ibe ngu-10% engaguquki ezitini ze-silica. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncipha kokudubula kabusha kanye nokwandiswa kwezinto, kuphumelela ngokufanele ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lokudubula nokwandisa isikhathi sokubamba, kodwa akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela i-vitrification yesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kunciphise. ukuzinza kokushaqeka okushisayo. Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-quartz ezintweni ngesikhathi sokudubula nokusetshenziswa, okunciphisa ukuncipha kobumba, ukuguqulwa kwevolumu yezitini ze-semi-silica kuncane, kanti ezinye zazo zinwetshwa kancane.
(4) Ukuzinza kokushaqeka okushisayo
Ikhono le-refractories ukumelana nezinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni lokushisa ngaphandle kokubhujiswa kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzinza kwe-thermal shock. Lesi sakhiwo saziwa nangokuthi ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo noma ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo.
Isici esiyinhloko esithinta inkomba ye-thermal shock stability of the material yizinto ezibonakalayo zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengokunwetshwa kokushisa, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa nokunye. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwezinga lokunwetshwa komugqa wento, kuba kubi kakhulu ukuzinza kokushaqeka okushisayo; ukuphakama kwe-thermal conductivity yempahla, kungcono ukuzinza kokuthuthumela okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microstructure, ukwakheka kwezinhlayiyana kanye nokuma kwento ephikisayo konke kunomthelela ekuzinzeni kokushaqeka okushisayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2022