Nakuba ungase ukwazi, izwe lanamuhla linezizathu eziningi zokubonga ama-cenospheres.
Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ngobukhona babo, ngisho bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi bavelaphi. Nakuba ukubheka ngokushesha i-Wikipedia, umthombo wayo yonke imithombo, kuzokwazisa abangazi ukuthi, “I-cenosphere iyindilinga engasindi, engenzi lutho, engenalutho eyenziwe kakhulu nge-silica ne-alumina futhi igcwele umoya noma igesi engasebenzi, evame ukukhiqizwa njenge-byproduct ukushiswa kwamalahle ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo. Umbala wama-cenospheres uyahlukahluka ukusuka kokumpunga kuye kokucishe kube mhlophe futhi ukuminyana kwawo kucishe kube ngu-0.4–0.8 g/cm3 (0.014–0.029 lb/cu in), okuwenza ashenxe kakhulu.”
Nokho, lokho akwenzi lutho ekuchazeni ubuhle bangempela balamabhola amancane, kodwa anamandla, omlotha wezimpukane. Ngoba amandla abo angempela atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwazo. Njengoba iphephabhuku laseFrance lemboni, i-Industrie & Technologies, lisho, “Ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphansi, usayizi omncane, ukuma kwawo okuyindilinga, amandla okusebenza, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuncibilika, inertia yamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ezivikelayo kanye nokungabi namandla, ama-microspheres [owaziwa nangokuthi ama-cenospheres] athola anhlobonhlobo izicelo embonini. Ikakhulukazi, [zilungele] ukuqinisa izinto noma ukunikeza izakhiwo zokumelana nokugqwala, noma ukwahlukanisa okushisayo nomsindo kuma-coatings noma opende. Angachazwa njengama-fillers asebenzayo futhi ahlanganiswe kahle kuma-resin nama-binders afana ne-thermoplastics ne-thermosetting.
I-Cenospheres in Paints and Coatings
Kunokusetshenziswa okuningi kwama-cenospheres embonini kapende neyokuhlanganisa izimboni, ngenxa yezimfanelo ezengeziwe abazinikezayo. Isibonelo, ama-cenospheres avame ukusetshenziswa ekwengezeni ukulawula imisebe ye-infrared, enikeza lezo zimbozo inzuzo kunalezo ezizama nje ukukhawulela ukuguquguquka kokushisa.
Khonamanjalo, ochwepheshe bezingubo kwaPetra Buildcare Products, bachaza ukuthi i-cenospheres, “... ithuthukisa kanjani ikhwalithi kapende ngokwenza ngcono umthamo nokuminyana komkhiqizo. Ngemuva kokufakwa odongeni, ubuhlalu be-ceramic buvame ukuncipha ngaleyo ndlela budale ifilimu egcwele ngokuqinile odongeni.
I-Cenospheres ku-Syntactic Foams
Ama-Cenospheres avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza 'amagwebu e-syntactic'. Lawa ama-solids akhethekile asebenzisa ama-cenospheres njengesigcwalisi ukuze anikeze noma iyiphi inombolo yezinzuzo, kusukela ezindlekweni eziphansi, kuya kumandla engeziwe, ukuqinisekiswa komsindo, ukuvuthwa nokuvikeleka okushisayo.
Ochwepheshe kwa-Engineered Syntactic Systems bachaza igwebu le-syntactic kanje;
“Ingxenye 'ye-syntactic' ibhekisela esakhiweni esihlelekile esinikezwa yiziyingi eziyizigodi. Igama elithi 'igwebu' lihlobene nemvelo yeselula yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zamandla aphezulu ekumineni okuphansi, igwebu le-syntactic selisetshenziswe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-subsea buoyancy. Izinto ze-Syntactic zimelana nomphumela ohlanganisiwe we-hydrostatic pressure kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside okuzenza zilungele amaphrojekthi olwandle afana nokuntanta kwekhebula ne-hardball nokusekelwa kwezinsimbi. Baphinde banikeze amandla nobuqotho besakhiwo ngesisindo esiphansi kakhulu ngevolumu kunezinto eziningi zendabuko ezibenza babe ukukhetha okukhangayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokuvikela nezobunjiniyela bomphakathi. "
I-Cenospheres in Petroleum Drilling
Ukuze uthole ubufakazi bokubaluleka okungaziwa kwama-cenospheres, awudingi ukubheka ukuthi indima ebalulekile abayidlalayo embonini ye-petroleum. Ngoba nakuba wonke umuntu azi ngokubaluleka kukawoyela emhlabeni wanamuhla, kuyiqiniso elincane elaziwayo ukuthi i-cenospheres, njengoba iphephandaba lemboni yaseFrance, i-Industrie & Technologies, isho, “...isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana emkhakheni wokumba uwoyela ukuze ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwesimende se-petroleum ngaphandle kokwandisa umthamo wamanzi. "
Ama-Cenospheres kuPlastiki namaPolymers
I-Cenospheres iphinde ibe nokusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamapulasitiki nama-polymers, njengoba ukwakheka kwawo kabusha noma amandla kusiza ukugwema ukuncipha kumapulasitiki we-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermosetting.
Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni kwesimanje embonini yezimoto. Isibonelo, i-Chevrolet Corvette yango-2016 iqukethe “inhlanganisela yokubumba amashidi lapho ama-microspheres engilazi athatha indawo yokugcwalisa i-calcium carbonate bese ephuca amakhilogremu angu-20 [9kg] esisindweni semodeli yemoto yezemidlalo i-Stingray Coupe.” IPhini likaMongameli womkhiqizi, i-Continental Structural Plastics Inc., u-Probir Guha, uchaza isizathu sokufakwa kwama-cenospheres enhlanganisweni, ethi, "ifomula ye-SMC ejwayelekile yalolu hlobo lohlelo lwemoto luhlanganisa u-20% ngevolumu yengilazi. i-fiber reinforcement, i-35% resin kanye ne-45% yokugcwalisa, ngokuvamile i-calcium carbonate," enezela ngokuthi, "Le SMC entsha [inhlanganisela yokubumba amashidi] ibiza ukuncintisana ne-aluminium."
Ama-Cenospheres Ngokukhonkolo
Iminyaka eminingi, ama-cenospheres abe isithasiselo esiwusizo kukhonkolo, enikeza amandla engeziwe, noma ukufakwa komsindo, kuyilapho futhi ehlisa ukuminyana. UJeff Girard, uMongameli we-The Concrete Countertop Institute, uchaza lezi zinzuzo, ethi, “Ngokombono, ama-cenospheres angathatha indawo yesihlabathi esinesisindo esijwayelekile esisetshenziswa kukhonkolo. Ama-Cenospheres anomthamo ongaphansi kwamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-0.7 vs. Amanzi sika-1.0); izinhlayiya zesihlabathi se-quartz ngokuvamile ziba nokuminyana okungaba ngu-2.65. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphawundi elingu-1 lama-cenospheres lithatha ivolumu efanayo ecishe ibe ngu-3.8 lbs. yesihlabathi.”
I-Industrie & Technologies, iphinde ichaze ukusetshenziswa kwama-cenospheres njengendlela yokwehlisa ukungcoliswa komsindo, ithi, “[Ama-Cenospheres asetshenziswa] ezintweni zokwakha ukuze kukhanye ukhonkolo, kuyilapho kugcinwa amandla acindezelayo angu-30 MPa ku-1.6 T/m3 , ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwazo nokunciphisa ukudluliswa kwemisindo yazo. Isibonelo, i-St. Petersburg Scientific and Technical Centre of Applied Nanotechnologies (STCAN) ihileleke ekwakheni amabhuloho anakhonkolo anjalo eRussia, [ukuthola indawo yomgwaqo ethule]. Ama-Cenospheres nawo asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokushisa ezishisayo nomsindo zamapulasi, udaka namapulasi, asetshenziselwa izindonga, phansi kanye nophahla. Ukwengezwa kwama-cenospheres wevolumu angu-40% kunciphisa i-coefficient yokudlulisa umsindo. "
I-Cenospheres in Pharmaceuticals
I-Cenospheres isetshenziswe embonini yezemithi iminyaka eminingi, njengoba amabhola amancane angasebenza njengethuluzi lokuthutha eliseduze eliphelele lapho ehlanganiswe nezidakamizwa. Ukwengeza, njengoba umagazini wemboni yaseFrance, i-Industrie & Technologies, uphawula, “ngokwesibonelo, ama-cenospheres ambozwe nge-silver oxide angase ahlanganiswe nezingubo zokugqoka ukuze asheshise ukuphola kwesilonda.”
I-Cenospheres ku-Advanced Industries
Ucwaningo oluningi luyenziwa ukuze kutholwe ukusetshenziswa okusha kwalo mkhiqizo ohlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ama-catalyst amasha enqubo ye-methane oxidation athuthukiswa kusetshenziswa ama-cenospheres kazibuthe.
Ama-Cenospheres nawo asetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlanganisela ze-metal matrix (MMC), izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezizama ukuhlanganisa ukumuncwa kwamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nomthelela, nokuminyana okuphansi kwama-sphere ngezimfanelo zezinye izinto. Abanye, njengoPaul Biju-Duval we-Georgia Institute of Technology ezinze e-Atlanta, baye basebenza kanzima bethuthukisa izinto zokwakha ezingenasimende. Umsebenzi wakhe uyaqhubeka, enezela ekuxubeni kwe-cenosphere, izinto ezifana noqalo namashubhu ensimbi njengendlela yokuthola ezinye izindlela zokwakha, ezishibhile, eziqinile, nezivumelana nemvelo.
Khonamanjalo, i-Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology ye-Russian Academy of Sciences e-Krasnoyarsk, icwaninga ngezindlela ama-cenospheres angase asetshenziswe ngazo ekuguquleni i-catalytic. Ngenkathi amasistimu e-BAE ezama ukusebenzisa ama-cenospheres kupende njengendlela yokweseka ukungabonakali ku-spectrum ye-infrared, ngaleyo ndlela enze umsebenzi wezempi ube 'nezingubo ezingabonakali'.
Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi okungaka, kanye nohlu olubanzi nakakhulu lokusetshenziswa okungenzeka, akumangalisi ukuthi kungani isithakazelo ku-cenospheres sikhula. Inqobo nje uma abathuthukisi bomkhiqizo befuna izigcwalisi zesisindo esilula, amasistimu okulethwa kwezidakamizwa athuthukisiwe, okokugcotshwa okuthuthukisiwe, okumiselela usimende, nezithasiselo eziyinhlanganisela, lapho-ke kuzoba nesidingo sama-cenospheres. Kanye nocwaningo olwandisiwe ekusetshenzisweni okusha kwalezi zindawo ezihlukahlukene, isikhathi kuphela esizosho ukuthi ikusasa le-cenospheres likuphi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-28-2021