Indlela yokuhlonza umlotha wempukane

Umlotha wempukane wanamuhla uqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide noma i-sulfate (njenge-gypsum, njll.), ehlukile kumlotha wempukane wendabuko. Uma isetshenziswa kukhonkolo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, izodala ukuqhekeka okukhulu nokuhlakazeka kukakhonkolo. Nakuba izindinganiso zamanje zomlotha wempukane zinemikhawulo ye-SO 3 yokuqukethwe, ukuhlolwa nokunqunywa "komlotha osuphelile" akusebenzi.

(2) "Umlotha weDenitration"
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwe-NO x ohlelweni lokushiswa kwamalahle, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa "kwe-denitration" ngesikhathi senqubo yokushiswa kwamalahle. Inqubo engalungile yokuhlukanisa ingase ibangele enye i-NH4 eyinsalela emlotheni wezimpukane. Lapho umlotha wempukane uxutshwa nosimende, uzohlangana ne-alkali Indawo yemvelo izokhulula i-NH 3 (igesi ye-ammonia), ekhiqiza igesi eningi esigabeni sepulasitiki sikakhonkolo.

(3) "Umlotha omnyama ontantayo"
Kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokushiswa kwamalahle, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kwamalahle noma ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza kwezitshalo zamandla, udizili noma ezinye izinto ezinamafutha zengezwa njengezinsiza ezivuthayo enqubweni yokushiswa kwamalahle. Lezi zinsiza ezivuthayo azikwazi ukushiswa ngokuphelele futhi zizohlala emlotheni wempukane. Amafutha. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlungwa komlotha wempukane, umlotha wempukane oqoqwe uzoqukatha amafutha amaningi angashiswanga, asetshenziselwa ukuxuba ukhonkolo. Lawa mafutha antanta phezulu futhi abonakale njengamafutha amnyama antantayo kukhonkolo. Lolu hlobo lomlotha wempukane lubizwa ngokuthi "umlotha omnyama ontantayo".

Indlela yokubona?
(1) Indlela yokubona
Abahloli abanolwazi ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukucoleka nokulahlekelwa ukuthungela komlotha wezimpukane ngokubuka nje umbala womlotha wezimpukane.
Ukubonakala komlotha wezimpukane kufana nosimende, futhi umbala uyahluka ukusuka komhlophe omhlophe ukuya kompunga-omnyama. Umbala womlotha wezimpukane uyinkomba yekhwalithi ebalulekile engabonisa inani kanye nomehluko wokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, futhi ngezinga elithile, ungaphinda ubonise umlotha wempukane. Ubuhle. Ukuba mnyama kombala, kulapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana zomlotha wezimpukane ucoleka kanye nokuphezulu kwekhabhoni.

Umlotha we-fly uhlukaniswe waba umlotha wempukane ophansi we-calcium kanye nomlotha wempukane one-calcium ephezulu. Ngokuvamile, umbala we-high-calcium fly ash ubaphuzi, futhi umbala we-low-calcium fly ash umpunga. Izinhlayiya zomlotha wempukane zinesakhiwo sekhekheba lezinyosi esinezimbotshana ezinendawo enkulu ethile kanye nomsebenzi ophezulu wokukhangisa. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana busukela ku-0.5 kuye ku-300 μm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga lobuhlalu lunesakhiwo esinezimbotshana ezine-porosity efinyelela ku-50% kuya ku-80%, futhi lumunca amanzi aqinile.

Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwemvelo, ungakwazi ukwengeza amanzi futhi ugovuze ukuze ugcine umlotha wempukane. Ebhekhani lamanzi, engeza inani elifanele lomlotha wezimpukane ukuze ugovuze ngokushesha ngokulinganayo ukuze uhlole ukuthi akukho yini umlotha omnyama ontantayo phezu kwamanzi ukuze uhlole inani lekhabhoni emlotheni wezimpukane; uma umbala womlotha wempukane umnyama futhi unephunga elingavamile, Amaconsi kawoyela, lolu hlobo lomlotha wempukane kufanele lube i-putty elintantayo futhi kufanele lubuyiselwe.

Ngemuva kokuthi umlotha we-desulfurization oqukethe i-CaO yamahhala ephezulu kanye ne-SO3 inyakaziswa ngamanzi, isixazululo siba yi-alkaline, futhi i-phenolphthalein reagent iphonswa kuyo, ebonakala ibomvu. Ukuze uvimbele ukhonkolo ukuthi ungaqhekeki ngenxa yokwanda kwevolumu ye-Ca(OH) 2 kanye ne-hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate, umkhiqizo kufanele ubuyiselwe.

Okwesibili, uyakwazi ukuhogela iphunga. Thatha isilinganiso esifanele somlotha wezimpukane nosimende ebhekhani bese ufaka amanzi bese ugoqoza ukwenza udaka. Uma uzwa iphunga le-ammonia elihlabayo, umlotha wempukane ungabhekwa njengomlotha ongaziwa.

Bheka ngesibonakhulu! Ukukhomba umlotha womgunyathi, ukusefa kuqala. Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya zomlotha ondizayo ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane zibushelelezi kakhulu futhi ingilazi iyindilinga ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu (kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-100), futhi ingaphezulu lezinhlayiyana ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu azivamile kodwa futhi Ziyindilinga. Uma i-sand sand powder eningi kakhulu, i-stone powder, i-boiler slag powder ixutshwe, kuzoba nezinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile ezingeni ngalinye lezinhlayiyana, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lezinhlayiyana ezincane, ezizobonakala zingajwayelekile futhi zingama-angular.

Ingabe kufanele ngiphathe isibonakhulu ukuze ngiwuhlukanise? Indlela elula yile: thatha kancane cishe u-1kg womlotha wezimpukane uwubeke endishini, bese ufaka amanzi kuwo, ugovuze ngenkathi ufaka amanzi aze acishe agcwale, futhi ubone ukuthi akukho yini ungqimba lobuhlalu obumhlophe obuntantayo phezu kwamanzi, uma kukhona Ngempela, uma kungenjalo, kuwumgunyathi.

Ngomlotha wempukane, ukusefa kuqala. Ngokuvamile, izinhlayiya zomlotha ondizayo wesigaba sosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane zinamabhola engilazi abushelelezi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, futhi ingaphezulu lezinhlayiya zesigaba sosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu azivamile kodwa cishe ziyindilinga. Uma impushana yesihlabathi eningi kakhulu, i-stone powder, i-boiler slag powder ixutshwe, kuzoba nezinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile ekilasini ngalinye losayizi wezinhlayiyana, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane.

Umlotha wempukane wangempela unezindinganiso eziqinile zikazwelonke kanye nokucaciswa kwesicelo, kanye nezindinganiso eziqinile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye namazinga omsakazo. Ukucaciswa kokupakisha, izindinganiso ezicacile zebanga. Umbala omnyama nophuzi, uyimpuphu, izinhlayiya zihle kakhulu, isandla sizwa kahle futhi somile, futhi okuqukethwe komswakama kuphansi kakhulu. Umlotha womgunyathi wempukane wenziwa ikakhulukazi ngempushana yetshe, impushana yesitini exutshwe nenani elincane lomlotha wezimpukane noma i-slag, kanti okunye noma konke kuhlanganiswe ngqo nempushana yetshe. Umlotha wempukane wamanga wona awubonakali futhi awunamsebenzi. Umbala umhlophe, futhi eminye imibala ingcolile kakhulu. Ukuzwakala kwesandla kunobukhazikhazi, kumanzi, futhi isikhwama sokupakisha asijwayelekile. Naka lezi zindaba ezingenhla lapho uthenga umlotha wempukane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ungathenga umlotha wempukane osezingeni eliphezulu.

(2) Indlela yokwenza isampula yokwamukela?
Shintsha indlela yesampula yesampula kanye nesimo, okungukuthi, shisela umpompi okhethekile wesampula epayipini lensimbi eliwuketshezi lwempukane elinobubanzi obuyi-100mm ekuphakameni okuqondile okungamamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka phansi, okungakhethwa ngokungahleliwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi fly ash unloading inqubo. Thatha amasampula futhi wazise esidlangalaleni umthengisi wempukane ukuthi uma imiphumela yamasampula amabili itholakala ihlukile emotweni eyodwa, bazojeziswa kanzima.