Uma besingasho ukuthi ukhonkolo uyimpahla yokwakha ethandwa kakhulu futhi evamile emhlabeni, bekungeke kube khona ukungqubuzana. Ukhonkolo yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, okwesibili emanzini.
I-Fiber Reinforced Concrete iphakathi kwezinto eziningi ezintsha ezithuthukiswe ukuthuthukisa izici zamandla nezinye izakhiwo zikakhonkolo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber, ukuthi uyini lo khonkolo, izinhlobo zawo ezahlukene, kanye nezinzuzo, futhi sithole ukuthi le ngxube yekhonkrithi ikulungele yini.
YiniI-FiberUkhonkolo Oqinisiwe?
Ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber (FRC) uwukhonkolo omusha oqiniswe ngezinto ezinemicu. Ngokwesibonelo, imicu yensimbi ende. Le ndlela yokuqinisa ithuthukisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi evamile.
Kusetshenziswa izinto eziningi ezahlukene ze-fibrous ukwenza ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefiber. Lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe seludume kakhulu kangangokuthi izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe zikhiqizwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Fiber Reinforced Concrete Yenziwe Ngani?
Izithako eziyinhloko zikakhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber yilezi:
I-Hydraulic Cement
Ingxenye eyinhloko kakhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha usimende we-hydraulic, oba ingcina ngemva kokusabela ngamanzi. Imvamisa, usimende wasePortland usetshenziswa njengosimende we-hydraulic kukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber.
Imicu
Ukwengeza imicu emide kushintsha izakhiwo zikakhonkolo omusha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwento esetshenziswayo ene-fibrous. Kunezigaba ezine zemicu evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha. Le micu yekhonkrithi yilezi:
Imicu yensimbi
Imicu yengilazi
Imicu yokwenziwa
Imicu yemvelo
Izilinganiso
I-aggregate inikeza amandla okubopha kukhonkolo ngenkathi yehlisa umthamo kasimende odingekayo. Ezinye izilinganiso ezivamile isihlabathi, itshe elichotshoziwe, namatshe.
Umlando omfushane we-FRC
I-FRC isinesikhathi eside ikhona, kodwa imicu yekhonkrithi ithuthukisiwe. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lapho izakhiwo zakhiwa ngamatshe, udaka lwalusebenza njengesibopho esizihlanganisa ndawonye. Udaka lwaluqiniswa kusetshenziswa izinwele zehhashi.
Ngokufanayo, endabeni yokwakhiwa kwezitini zodaka, utshani babuyinto eyinhloko yokuqinisa. Lapho ukhonkolo uba enye yezinto zokwakha ezivame kakhulu, imicu ye-asbestos yayisetshenziswa njengokuqinisa.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba amashumi eminyaka eqhubeka, abantu baqaphela kakhulu izingozi zezempilo ze-asbestos nokuthi iwubangela kanjani umdlavuza. Ngawo-1960, esikhundleni se-asbestos, eminye imicu efana nensimbi nengilazi yathola ukuthandwa.
Uyini Umthelela Wezintambo Kokhonkolo?
Ukwengeza amafayibha kukhonkolo kubangela imiphumela eminingana. Ubukhulu balezi zinto buyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imicu ethile esetshenzisiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, njengenani lemicu yokuqinisa ngokuphathelene nevolumu iyonke, ebizwa ngokuthi ingxenyenamba yevolumu, kanye ne-aspect ratio, etholwe ngokuhlukanisa ubude befayibha ngobubanzi befayibha okukhulunywa ngayo.
Amafayibha ngokuvamile asebenza inhloso eyinhloko yokunciphisa ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo ngokuthuthukisa amandla awo aguquguqukayo. Ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo kwenzeka ngenxa yokushwabana kukakhonkolo. Ukuncipha kukakhonkolo kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, njengokuwomisa ukuncipha kanye nokuncipha kwepulasitiki.
Futhi, imicu yehlisa ukungena kukakhonkolo, iqeda ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amanzi avuze ngezakhiwo zikakhonkolo.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokhonkolo Oqiniswe Ngefayibha?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanganisela zikakhonkolo eziqiniswe ngefayibha ezinhlelweni ezidumile. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
I-Steel Fiber Yaqiniswa Ukhonkolo
Ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi ingenye yezinhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu ze-FRC. Ukwengeza izintambo zensimbi eziqinisayo kukhonkolo, ngisho namanani amancane, kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber yensimbi usetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinezidingo zikakhonkolo ezisindayo ezifana namabhuloho, phansi, imigudu, izimayini, izibikezelo, njll.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemicu yensimbi esetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukhonkolo, njengocingo oludonswa ngokubanda (Uhlobo 1), imicu yensimbi eyisikiwe (Uhlobo 2), i-melt ekhishwe (Uhlobo 3), ukusikwa komshini (Uhlobo 4), kanye nokubanda okushintshiwe. ucingo oludwetshiwe (Uhlobo 5).
I-Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PFRC)
I-PFRC isebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Polypropylene fibers, uhlobo lwe-thermoplastic. Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezahlukene zokwengeza i-polypropylene kukhonkolo, esizoxoxa ngayo esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-Polypropylene yabelana ngezici eziningi ne-polythene, enezakhiwo eziqinile ezithuthukisiwe, amandla aguquguqukayo, nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Ukwengeza, le fibre inokumelana okuphezulu ngokumelene namakhemikhali afana nama-asidi nezincibilikisi eziphilayo, futhi idlulisela izici ezifanayo kukhonkolo.
I-Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
Ingxube kakhonkolo eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi ihlanganisa izinhlayiya eziningi zengilazi ezincane. Ingabe lezi ziwenza kanjani ukhonkolo uqine?
Nakuba ifasitelana elikhulu lengilazi lithambile, i-glass fiber inamandla aphezulu kakhulu esakhiwo. Ukwengeza kulawa mandla, imicu iyisithasiselo esingabizi kakhulu, okwenza ingxube yokugcina kakhonkolo ibe ishibhile kunezinye izinto ezifana nokhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi.
Amafayibha afanayo angezwe epulasitiki aphumela entweni eyinhlanganisela ye-fiberglass enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zamandla aqinile.
I-Polyester Fiber Eqinisiwe Ukhonkolo
Imicu ye-polyester kakhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber iyatholakala njengama-microfibers nama-macro fibers. Imicu ye-polyester ifaka isandla ekwenzeni ngcono ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwalolu hlobo lukakhonkolo oluqiniswe nge-fiber.
Ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha ye-polyester unokuqina okukhulu kanye nobuqotho obuphezulu besakhiwo. Ukuqina kwayo okuthuthukisiwe kwenza lolu hlobo lukakhonkolo lulungele ukubeka phansi izimboni, ukufakwa phansi kwempahla, izakhiwo ezisakazwa ngaphambili, imbondela, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo.
I-Carbon Fiber Eqinisiwe Ukhonkolo
Wake wezwa nge-carbon fibre steel? Umqondo ufana nokhonkolo oqiniswe nge-carbon fiber.
Nakuba ukwengeza i-carbon fiber kukhonkolo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunokwengeza usimende noma ingilazi, ukhonkolo ovelayo unokuqina okukhulu namandla. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukhonkolo uba brittle (njenge-carbon steel).
I-Macro Synthetic FiberUkhonkolo Oqinisiwe
Ukusebenzisa ama-macro synthetic fibers kukhonkolo kwaba njengenye indlela yokuqinisa insimbi. Phela, ukuqinisa insimbi kungaba ukwengeza ezibizayo kukhonkolo.
Ngokusetshenziswa okukhulayo, ama-macro synthetic fibers abe okungaphezu nje kokunye. Le micu inemisebenzi eminingi yayo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezisekelwe phansi.
Ukuqinisa insimbi kungase kugle ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, njengendawo yasolwandle, futhi imicu yengilazi ihlushwa ingozi yokuchitheka. Ama-macro synthetic fibers anikeza ukumelana okuphezulu nalezi zici, ngakho-ke ayingxenye ebalulekile kukhonkolo kulezi zindawo.
I-Fiber Yemvelo Eqinisiwe Ukhonkolo
Imicu yemvelo ivela ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, nakumaminerali emvelo. Njengoba sishilo esigabeni mayelana nomlando we-FRC, imicu yemvelo isetshenziswe enqubweni yokwakha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhonkolo usetshenziswa kuphi, kuyoba nensada yemicu yemvelo ekhona. Le micu isiza futhi ekwehliseni izindleko zokukhiqiza i-FRC.
Eminye imicu yemvelo ihlanganisa ukotini, utshani, ukhuni, nokusanhlamvu.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Ukwengeza ama-fibers ahlukene kukhonkolo kubangela izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene. Ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-fiber uhlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ku-fiber eyengeziwe. Izinzuzo ezithile ze-FRC zizoncika ohlotsheni lwe-FRC esetshenzisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, nazi izinzuzo ezihlobene nezinhlobo ezithile ezivamile zikakhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha:
I-Glass Fiber Reinforcement
I-Glass fiber reinforcement inyusa amandla esakhiwo sikakhonkolo ngaphandle kokukhulisa izindleko kakhulu. Ingilazi ingenye yezinto ezishibhe kakhulu zefiber.
Lolu hlobo lokuqinisa lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle besakhiwo sikakhonkolo. Imicu emifushane ehlukene ingabonakala esakhiweni sikakhonkolo ngemva kokuba sesomile.
Le ndlela yokuqinisa ingeza amandla aqinile kuzo zonke izindawo, ngokungafani nokuqiniswa kwendabuko kusetshenziswa imigoqo yensimbi, lapho amandla okuqina akhawulelwe ekuqondeni kwemigoqo.
I-Steel Fiber Reinforcement
Insimbi inikeza amandla esakhiwo aphakeme kunawo wonke kukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha.
Ngokungezwa kwemicu yensimbi, ukhonkolo udinga ukuqinisa ibha yensimbi embalwa.
Amafayibha akhiqiza ukumelana komthelela omkhulu ngokumelene nemithelela kanye nemihuzuko.
Ukumelana nokuncibilika okuthuthukisiwe nezinye izici zokushisa zesakhiwo.
Inciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka ngokunciphisa ububanzi bemifantu.
I-Polypropylene Fibers kanye Ne-nylon Concrete Reinforcement
Inikeza ikhono lokupompa ukhonkolo ebangeni elide ngokwandisa izakhiwo zokuhlangana.
Ithuthukisa izici zokushisa (isb, ukumelana nokuncibilika).
Ithuthukisa i-ductility kakhonkolo futhi inciphise isimo sayo esinokonakala.
Uma kwenzeka umlilo, izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ezinemicu ye-polypropylene nemicu yenayiloni zimelana nokuqhuma kokuqhuma.
Imiphumela yokumelana nomthelela ophezulu kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko.
Yiziphi Izicelo Ze-Fiber Reinforced Concrete?
Uhlobo lwe-FRC olusetshenziswayo lungahluka ngokuya ngephrojekthi ethile yokwakha. Ngokuvamile, amaphrojekthi amaningi wobunjiniyela bomphakathi asebenzisa i-FRC. Ngokwesibonelo::
Izindonga
Iphansi
Amadamu
I-Runways
Imigwaqo
Amapayipi kakhonkolo
Amabhuloho
Izitezi ze-warehouse
Imigodi
Imigudu
Ama-Pavements
Ungawuthola Kanjani Ukhonkolo Oqiniswe Nge-Fiber?
Njengoba wazi manje, ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha akuwona nje umkhiqizo owodwa. Kunamakhonkrithi ahlukahlukene anamasu ahlukene okuqiniswa okuholela kuzakhiwo ezithile ezithuthukisiwe.
Kunemicu yensimbi enamandla amakhulu akhulisa ubuqotho besakhiwo senqwaba yekhonkrithi. Futhi, ingilazi nezinto zokwenziwa ze-fibrous zinikeza amandla alinganiselwe kodwa ngezindleko ezishibhile.
NGUDaniel Arkin
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2023