Ngemva kwehlobo elishisayo lika-2021 elinokushisa okuphezulu okurekhodiwe, indawo esenyakatho nenkabazwe ingenise ubusika obubandayo, futhi kukhithike kakhulu, ngisho nasoGwadule LwaseSahara, okungenye yezindawo ezishisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo eseningizimu nenkabazwe iye yangenisa ukushisa okushisayo, amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-50°C eNtshonalanga Australia, nezintaba zeqhwa ezinkulu e-Antarctica zincibilikile. Pho kwenzekani emhlabeni? Kungani ososayensi bethi kungenzeka ukuthi ukushabalala kwenqwaba yesithupha kwafika?
Njengogwadule olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, isimo sezulu sasoGwadule LwaseSahara somile kakhulu futhi siyashisa. Ingxenye yesifunda ithola imvula engaphansi kuka-25mm ngonyaka, kanti ezinye izindawo zize zingatholi mvula iminyaka eminingana. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka esifundeni liphezulu kakhulu lifinyelela ku-30 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lasehlobo lingadlula ku-40 ℃ izinyanga ezimbalwa zilandelana, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu elirekhodiwe lifinyelela ku-58 ℃.
Kodwa endaweni eshisa kakhulu neyomile ngale ndlela, akuvamile ukuba likhithike kulobu busika. Idolobhana lase-Ain Sefra, elisenyakatho yeSahara Desert, lakhithika ngo-January nonyaka. Iqhwa lamboza ugwadule olusagolide. Le mibala emibili yayixubene, futhi indawo yayingavamile kakhulu.
Lapho kukhithika, izinga lokushisa edolobheni lehla lafinyelela ku--2°C, okuwukubanda okumbalwa kunezinga lokushisa elivamile ebusika obudlule. Idolobhana lalikhithike izikhathi ezine eminyakeni engama-42 ngaphambi kwalokho, okokuqala ngo-1979 kwathi amathathu okugcina eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule.
Iqhwa ogwadule liyivelakancane kakhulu, nakuba ugwadule kubanda kakhulu ebusika futhi izinga lokushisa lingehla libe ngaphansi kuka-zero, kodwa ugwadule lome kakhulu, ngokuvamile awekho amanzi anele emoyeni, futhi kunemvula encane kakhulu futhi iqhwa. Ukuwa kweqhwa oGwadule LwaseSahara kukhumbuza abantu ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
Isazi sesimo sezulu saseRussia u-Roman Vilfan uthe ukukhithika ogwadule lwaseSahara, amagagasi abandayo eNyakatho Melika, isimo sezulu esifudumele eRussia naseYurophu, kanye nemvula enamandla edale izikhukhula eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ukwenzeka kwalesi simo sezulu esingejwayelekile kuya ngokuya kuba njalo, futhi isizathu salokhu ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okubangelwa ukufudumala komhlaba.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe manje, umthelela wokufudumala kwembulunga ungabonakala ngokuqondile. Ngenkathi inyakatho nenkabazwe isabhekene negagasi elibandayo, indawo eseningizimu nenkabazwe yayibhekene negagasi lokushisa, izinga lokushisa lalingaphezu kuka-40°C ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika. Idolobha lase-Onslow eNtshonalanga ye-Australia liqophe izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-50.7 ℃, lephula irekhodi lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu endaweni eseningizimu nenkabazwe.
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe lihlobene nomphumela we-thermal dome. Ehlobo elishisayo, elomile nelingenamoya, umoya ofudumele okhuphuka phansi awukwazi ukusakazeka, kodwa ucindezelwa phansi ukucindezela okukhulu komkhathi womhlaba, okwenza umoya ushise kakhulu. Ukushisa okwedlulele eNyakatho Melika ngo-2021 nakho kubangelwa umphumela we-thermal dome.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu impela yomhlaba, isimo asisihle neze. Ngo-2017, i-iceberg enkulu enenombolo engu-A-68 yagqashuka eshalofini leqhwa laseLarsen-C e-Antarctica. Indawo yayo ingafinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-5,800, eseduze nendawo yaseShanghai.
Ngemuva kokugqashuka kweqhwa, belilokhu likhukhuleka eSouthern Ocean. Yahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-4 000 ngonyaka nesigamu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, intaba yeqhwa yaqhubeka nokuncibilika, ikhipha amathani afinyelela ku-152 bhiliyoni wamanzi ahlanzekile, alingana nomthamo wokugcina wama-West Lakes angu-10 600.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukuncibilika kwezigxobo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu, ezivalelwe amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile, kuya ngesivinini, okwenza amazinga olwandle aqhubeke nokukhuphuka. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ukufudumala kwamanzi olwandle nakho kubangela ukwanda okushisayo, okwenza ulwandle lube lukhulu. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi amazinga olwandle embulungeni yonke manje asephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-16 kuya kwangu-21 kunalawo ayenjalo eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule, futhi njengamanje akhuphuka ngesilinganiso samamilimitha angu-3.6 ngonyaka. Njengoba izinga lolwandle liqhubeka nokukhuphuka, lizoqhubeka nokuguguleka iziqhingi nezindawo ezisogwini ezisezingeni eliphansi, okusongela ukuphila kwabantu lapho.
Imisebenzi yabantu ayigcini ngokuhlasela ngokuqondile noma ngisho nokucekela phansi izindawo ezihlala izilwane nezitshalo emvelweni, kodwa iphinde ikhiphe isikhutha esikhulu se-carbon dioxide, i-methane namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa, okwenza izinga lokushisa lomhlaba likhuphuke, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. ukwenzeka.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizigidi eziyishumi eziphila eMhlabeni njengamanje. Kodwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa adlule, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 000 ziye zashabalala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lamanje lokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni lishesha ukwedlula isilinganiso esivamile emlandweni womhlaba, futhi ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukushabalala kwenqwaba yesithupha kungase kwenzeke.
Emakhulwini ezigidi zeminyaka edlule emhlabeni, kuye kwenzeka inqwaba yezenzakalo zokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezinkulu nezincane, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo ezinhlanu ezimbi kakhulu zokuqothulwa okukhulu, okubangela ukuba izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zinyamalale emhlabeni. Izimbangela zokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezenzakalo zangaphambilini zonke zavela emvelweni, kanti eyesithupha kukholakala ukuthi iyimbangela yabantu. Isintu sidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo uma singafuni ukushabalala njengoba kwenza u-99% wezilwane zomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-12-2022